Plants’ place in the phylogenetic tree

The phylogenetic tree is a new method of scientific classification for living things based on the notions of evolution and genetic relationships. It replaces the Linnaean classification system previously used, which groups together some species, which are similar in appearance but genetically distant.

1. Diverse algae

These reproduce in the aquatic environment, using various methods, some more complex than others. No conducting vessels. No roots.

2. Embryophyta

• Only Tracheophyta have sap conducting vessels and genuine roots to control the exchange of water with the external environment.
• Only Spermatophyta reproduce via ovules and do not require the presence of water during fecundation.

3. Spermatophyta

• Conifers have exposed ovules, at the base of the scales of a cone.
• Ginkgophyta, Cycadophyta and Gnetophyta have ovules enclosed in an integument.
• Angiosperms have ovules enclosed in an ovary, which forms a fruit containing the seed or seeds.

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